Pelvic Pain in Women: 30 Possible Causes

1. Menstrual cramps

Most females experience pain in the pelvis and lower abdomen in every cycle, known as menstrual cramps, while others might not feel any sort of pain at all. Slight pain and discomfort during menstruation are normal but excessive, debilitating pain should be seriously addressed.

Symptoms

• Aching pain along with a feeling of fullness and pressure in the abdomen
• Headaches particularly migraine
• Dizziness
• Heavy and irregular bleeding
• Passing of blood clots with menstrual blood

Causes

During menstruation, the uterus sheds its lining, and uterine muscles contract for the expulsion of this layer. These contractions are responsible for the pain and discomfort during the period.

Treatment

• Over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help with pain
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Birth control pills to prevent ovulation and reduce the severity of menstrual cramps
• Antidepressants for mood swings

2. Premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome or PMS is a set of signs and symptoms that most women experience before the onset of menstruation in every cycle. Symptoms such as debilitating pain in the pelvis and lower abdomen are predictable in pattern for every person and may vary from slightly noticeable to very intense.

Symptoms

Every female experiences a different set of signs and symptoms:

• Severe pain in the pelvis
• Anxiety and depression
• A constant feeling of sadness
• Emotional outbursts and crying spells
• Irritability
• Muscle aches
• Heaviness and soreness of breasts
• Sore nipples

Causes

Most studies suggest that fluctuating levels of hormones around the time of menstruation are responsible for the symptoms. The sex hormones also influence the neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, that are responsible for mood swings.

Treatment

The treatment of PMS is symptomatic as every person experiences a different manifestation of the condition:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cramps and breast soreness
• Hormonal contraceptives to stop ovulation
• Antiemetics for nausea
• Antidepressants for depressive disorders
• Mood enhancers like serotonin for low mood

3. Ovulation pain

Pain on one side of the lower abdomen, around the 14th day of the menstrual cycle, is experienced by most women and is called ovulation pain or Mittelschmerz.

Symptoms

Nausea in case of severe pain
Vaginal discharge
Spotting around the same time
Breast tenderness
Slight rise in temperature

Causes

There are two possible reasons for pelvic pain which include:

• Stretch in the surface of the ovary just before the rupture of the follicle
• Blood and other fluids from ruptured follicles can irritate the peritoneum which may result in pain

Treatment

• Painful ovulation can be easily treated by over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol
• For inflammation, NSAIDs can be given
• In case of severe discomfort, contraceptives are given to stop ovulation temporarily

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS is a hormonal and reproductive disorder, that causes fluctuations in the normal menstrual cycle. It is a very common but treatable cause of infertility that causes pain in the pelvis during ovulation.

Symptoms

PCOS is a group of symptoms that affect ovulation. Its three main features are:

• Cysts in the ovaries
• High levels of male hormones
• Irregular menstrual cycle

Other symptoms include:

• Amenorrhea (Cessation of menstrual cycle)
• Menstrual cramps
• Pain during ovulation
• Pain due to ovarian cysts in the pelvis
• Mood disorders like PMS
• Excessive hair growth on the face, chin, chest, and all other parts of the body where men usually have hair
• Weight gain

Causes

• Ovaries produce excessive amounts of androgens, which are responsible for hirsutism, menstrual abnormalities, and acne breakouts.
• Due to increased resistance to the action of insulin in the body, the blood sugar levels keep rising and in return promote more insulin production. High insulin levels cause the production of more androgens and thus changes in the menstrual cycle.

Treatment

• Oral contraceptive pills for regulation of the cycle
• Metformin for improvement in insulin levels
• Over-the-counter painkillers for cramps
• Excedrin for migraines
• Anti-androgen medications can be used to reduce male pattern baldness and Hirsutism

5. Ectopic pregnancy

Sometimes a fertilized egg begins to grow outside the uterus, anywhere in the abdomen, this is called an ectopic pregnancy. It causes pelvic pain on one side and can be a life-threatening condition that should be managed as soon as possible.

Symptoms

• Abdominal or pelvic pain on one side
• Intermittent bleeding
• Signs of shock
• Weak pulse
• Cold clammy skin

Causes

• Scar formation in the fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease can be one cause of inefficient traveling of the egg to the uterine cavity.
• An abnormally developed egg that cannot successfully travel to the isthmus.
• Females with genetically inherited defects of the shape of fallopian tubes.

Treatment

Since an Ectopic Pregnancy does not proceed normally and is harmful to the mother as well as the embryo, it should be removed for the mother’s health and long-term fertility.

6. Ovarian cysts

This is a very common complaint as one in every 5 women experience pelvic or lower abdominal pain due to ovarian cysts at some time in life. These are small fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, resulting in anovulatory cycles.

Symptoms

Smaller cysts are asymptomatic. whereas, the largest cysts may cause some symptoms:

• Pelvic pain during menstruation
• A dull ache in the lower abdomen, lower back, and thighs
• Painful sex
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Hirsutism
• Secondary amenorrhea

Causes

• Hormonal fluctuations can be either due to the use of hormonal contraceptive pills or naturally
• Endometriosis also leads to the development of a special type of ovarian cyst, endometrioma
• Pathological cells may also form as a result of pelvic infections

Treatment

Most ovarian cysts may disappear on their own but if they are symptomatic, they require treatment. An ovarian cyst can be treated medically as well as surgically depending upon the size of the cyst and severity of symptoms.

7. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that involves female reproductive organs and adjacent pelvic structures causing inflammation. The pain usually occurs in just the lower abdomen and pelvic area but depends upon the extent of inflammation and organs affected by it.

Symptoms

• Pain in the lower and upper abdomen
• Painful urination
• Dyspareunia is pain during sex
• Vaginal discharge that stinks
• Vomiting and nausea
• High-grade fever

Causes

Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections that travel up in the genital tract. Bacteria in sexually transmitted diseases usually inhabit the lower genital tract but sometimes long-standing infections may result in retrograde traveling of infection. A female can also develop PID without ever having any sexually transmitted disease.

Treatment

• Antibiotics to treat the infection
• Over the counter painkillers for pain relief
• Antipyretic for fever

8. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a painful condition that arises when there is an abnormal growth of tissue that lines the womb, anywhere outside the uterus. Endometriosis and pelvic pain are closely linked and pain usually worsens during menstruation.

Symptoms

• Pain during micturition
• Severe lower back pain
• Pain while having sex
• Pain during bowel movements
• Heavy bleeding during periods
• Constipation

Causes

• Retrograde flow of menstrual blood
• Hormonal causes
• Surgical
• Immune conditions
• Genetic causes

Treatment

• Patients with mild endometriosis may just require an over-the-counter painkiller during periods.
• Hormonal therapy is often required to decrease estrogen levels in the body.

9. Pelvic adhesions

Pelvic adhesions are bands of scar tissue that develop between two parts of pelvic tissues or organs that are not normally supposed to join together. The location of pain entirely depends upon the location of adhesion. Mostly the pain is limited to the lower abdomen and pelvis.

Symptoms

• Pain in pelvis
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Urinary bladder dysfunction
• Pain due to exertion
• Intermenstrual bleeding

Causes

Pelvic adhesions form when the scar due to any sort of inflammation starts to heal. Deposition of fibrous tissue takes place to complete the healing process of the scar. The adhesions mostly develop after a process that involves scar or any inflammation, such as given under:

• C-section scar
• Dilatation and curettage after misscarriage
• Inflammatory disease of the pelvis
• After radiation exposure as it may lead to inflammation

Treatment

• Over-the-counter pain killers like ibuprofen and acetaminophen for pain
• Iron supplements if there is anemia
• Adhesiolysis is a technique that includes cutting and releasing the adhesions.

10. Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue invades the muscular wall of the uterus, resulting in the enlargement of the uterus. Pain is experienced in the pelvic region during the menstrual cycle and ranges from dull and cramping to sharp, and stabbing in character.

Symptoms

• Menstrual cramps
• Enlarged uterus
• Dyspareunia
• Heavy, prolonged periods
• Abdominal pressure and tenderness
• Bloating

Causes

• A C-section scar in the uterus can also promote direct, invasive growth of the endometrium into the myometrium.
• Some suggest that endometrial tissue is present in the muscular wall of the uterus by birth, and during puberty, these cells begin to grow rapidly and result in adenomyosis.
• After childbirth, the uterine lining undergoes inflammation, this may break the normal boundary between both cell lines and allow the endometrium to grow into the muscular layer.
• Excess of body circulating estrogen levels is responsible for the promotion and growth of already developed adenomyosis.

Treatment

• Anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed to be taken, two to three days before the onset of the period and continuing throughout the period to reduce the menstrual cramps and heavy bleeding.
• Hormonal oral contraceptive pills can also control the excessive rise in estrogen levels.
• Intrauterine devices like; levonorgestrel intrauterine system, are also helpful in females who want conception for up to 5 years.
• Hysterectomy is the only permanent cure and can only be done in severe cases and in females who do not plan to conceive in the future.

11. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the muscular tissue of the uterus which may vary in size, location, and shape. These benign but painful lesions are also called leiomyomas. Severe pain is experienced upon exertion and during menstruation.

Symptoms

• Prolonged, heavy bleeding during your period
• Intermenstrual bleeding
• Dysmenorrhea
• Dyspareunia is pain during sex
• Pain in the lower back and legs
• Anemia due to excessive blood loss

Causes

Progesterone and estrogen are responsible for an increase in the thickness of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and may also affect fibroid growth. This also explains the shrinkage of fibroids after menopause. Several other growth factors in our body such as insulin-like growth factors may also promote tissue growth.

Treatment

• Birth control pills are employed to control heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea
• An intrauterine device may help reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and also provide contraception.
• Anemia is managed by giving iron supplements.
• Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists are given before surgical intervention

12. Pelvic pain in pregnancy

The stiffness of the joints in front or back of the pelvis during pregnancy is called pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PGP) or symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD). This was previously known to involve symphysis pubis but recent researches concluded that it affects other joints of the pelvis as well.

Symptoms

• Pain across the lower back
• Pain radiating to your thighs
• Pain is experienced over the pubic bone at the front, in the center
• Pressure in pelvis
• Clicking or grinding sensation in the pubic area

Causes

Pelvic pain in pregnancy can be caused by several reasons, as your body is accommodating the baby and is also making room for it to pass through the pelvis. The changes that take place during pregnancy, which may trigger the pain are different for each semester.

Treatment

• Over the counter painkillers for pain relief
• Manual physiotherapy can help with mobility at joints
• Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor, back, and hip muscles

13. Pelvic abscess

A pelvic abscess is a collection of infected fluid that forms as a complication of untreated infection. This can be found anywhere in the pouch of Douglas, fallopian tubes, parametric tissues, or ovaries. An abscess is painful and causes fever along with.

Symptoms

• Severe pelvic pain
• Deep tenderness on one or both sides
• Urinary urgency and frequency
• Fever and vomiting
• Rigors and chills
• Vaginal bleeding and discharge

Causes

An abscess develops due to the buildup of necrotic tissue around the infective exudate, forming a thick fibrous wall. The thick fibrous wall does not allow any antimicrobial agent to enter this circumscribed collection of infective exudate. The infection can develop due to several causes:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Inflammatory bowel syndrome
• Diverticulitis

Treatment

• Broad-spectrum antibiotic combination
• Over-the-counter pain killers for pain relief
• Antibiotic therapy

14. Pelvic congestion syndrome

Pelvic congestion syndrome is a chronic pain condition that develops when blood accumulates in the deep varicose veins of the pelvis. Pain is experienced in the pelvic region but is often accompanied by pain in the legs and lower back.

Symptoms

• Pain in pelvis
• Pelvic or abdominal tenderness
• Pain during intercourse
• Pain is worse during or after pregnancy, intercourse, and menstruation.
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Vaginal discharge
• Mood disorders

Causes

Valves in deep veins of the pelvis, become incompetent and the blood starts to pool in these veins, making them swollen, engorged, and twisted. This creates a very painful condition as these bulges in veins press upon nearby nerves that result in a dull or sharp, throbbing pain.

Treatment

Treatment is just employed to alleviate the symptoms, as there is no definitive cure:

• NSAIDs can relieve pain and inflammation
• Chronic pain medications such as gabapentin, are required for pain relief
• Medroxyprogesterone is given for the regulation of hormones

15. Ovarian torsion

When an ovary twists itself around the ligaments and tissues that hold it in its place, this is known as ovarian torsion or adnexal torsion. Sometimes, this involves structures other than ovaries like fallopian tubes, arteries, and nerves. This leads to severe stabbing pain in the pelvis.

Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting
• Severe tenderness and pain in the pelvis
• Occasional cramps that last for several days and sometimes weeks
• Pain on one side or both sides of pelvis radiating to your lower back or legs
• Fever
• Hemorrhage

Causes

This is a rare condition but some of the possible causes are given below:

• A longer round ligament than usual which is often found in premature girls.
• The presence of a cyst on the ovary such as in polycystic ovarian syndrome can give it extra weight, displacing it and twisting it around the ligaments.

Treatment

• Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen and naproxen are given to help relieve the pain before and after the surgery.
• In case of severe pain, opioid analgesics are also recommended.
• Laparotomy or laparoscopy should be done as early as possible to reverse the torsion and preserve the function of the viable ovary.

16. Vaginal fistula

A vaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the vagina and any other neighboring organ, allowing urine or stool to pass through the vagina. These fistulas cause physical discomfort and pain.

Symptoms

• Passage of gas, urine, pus, or stool from the vagina
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Pain in pelvis and abdomen
• Recurrent UTIs
• Dyspareunia
• Irritation in vulva
• Urinary incontinence
• Fever

Causes

• Injuries to the vaginal canal during childbirth
• Crohn’s disease
• Radiation exposure
• A surgical procedure in the vagina, perineum, rectum, or anus
• Diverticulitis
• Trauma

Treatment

• Small fistulas are allowed to heal on their own
• A plug can also be inserted to seal the fistula
• A patch is often sewn onto a rectovaginal fistula
• The laparoscopic or open surgical approach is also used to treat large fistulas

17. Pelvic organ prolapse

It is a pelvic floor disorder that occurs when the ligaments and muscles which support the pelvic organs, become loose or weak. This is not a life-threatening condition but causes severe pain and discomfort in the pelvis and lower back.

Symptoms

• Something coming out of the vagina
• A feeling of pressure and discomfort in the pelvis
• Pressure symptoms worsening upon standing, coughing, or over the day
• Urinary incontinence
• Leakage of urine upon sneezing or coughing
• Dyspareunia
• Loss of bowel control and fecal incontinence
• Pain in the lower back

Causes

• Old age
• Vaginal delivery
• Chronic cough
• Genetics
• Delivering an over-weight baby (macrosomia)
• Hormonal changes
• Hysterectomy

Treatment

The treatment modalities most commonly employed are:

• Pelvic floor exercises are advised by a physiotherapist to females who do not have severe symptoms
• Vaginal pessaries
• Surgery for prolapse, surgically a synthetic mesh is used to repair the pelvic floor
• Colpocleisis, this method involves closing the vaginal opening surgically

18. Ovarian cancer

When ovarian cells begin to multiply in an uncontrolled fashion and form a tumor, this is known as ovarian cancer. Like other cancers, this is rarely painful in the early stages and is often diagnosed incidentally.

Symptoms

Some of the symptoms in the early stages are:

• The feeling of pressure and pelvic pain
• Vaginal bleeding
• Pain in the lower back
• Urinary problems like incontinence and frequent urination
• Bowel disorders like diarrhea and constipation

Causes

Ovarian cancer is caused due to genetic mutation of genes BRCA-1 and BRCA-2. There can be an influence on several heredity or environmental factors.

Treatment

The treatment depends upon the stage, type, and grade of cancer along with the age of the patient and his health status. If the tumor has metastasized, the treatment would also include the area of metastasis and a follow-up treatment routine to avoid recurrence.

19. Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is an abnormal growth in the cells of the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This usually involves the cells of the surface of the cervical lining at the beginning but later spreads into the deeper tissues of the cervix and other parts of the body.

Symptoms

• Pain in the pelvis, that is dull but sometimes intermittent, sharp pains along with a feeling of pressure are also experienced
• Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Inter-menstrual bleeding
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Smelly vaginal discharge
• Urinary incontinence

Causes

Most of the cases of cervical cancer are due to human papilloma viral infection, which is a sexually transmitted disease.

Treatment

• LEEP conization, cauterization, cryosurgery, or laser is employed to destroy the precancerous lesions
• If the cancerous cells have exceeded the basement membrane, surgical excision of the tumor is required
• Targeted therapy is used for advanced cancer and focuses primarily on certain weaknesses present within the cancerous cells

20. Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that begins in the innermost lining of the uterus called the endometrium. This is often detected in its early stages due to frequent abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Symptoms

• Varying length and heaviness of periods
• Inter-menstrual bleeding
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Bloody vaginal discharge
• Pain in pelvis
• Dyspareunia
• Drastic weight loss

Causes

Fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body play a significant role in endometrial cancer. A high level of estrogen causes an increase in endometrial growth, sometimes due to genetic changes these cells get trapped in the growth cycle and show an abnormal pattern of multiplication.

Treatment

• Endometrial cancer is treated by doing a hysterectomy
• If cancer has metastasized, your doctor will suggest further surgeries too to make you cancer-free

21. Uterine cancer

Abnormal growth of any type of cells comprising uterine tissue is known as uterine cancer. It is the most common type of cancer, affecting the female reproductive system. Cancer is rarely painful in the beginning but in progressive stages, causes pain along with other symptoms.

Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Vaginal discharge
• Bleeding after sex
• Dyspareunia
• Burning micturition
• Pain in the pelvis and the lower back

Causes

There can be several causes for high estrogen levels, some of which are as follows:

• Females on estrogen replacement therapy
• Obesity
• Use of drugs such as tamoxifen
• Irregular menstrual cycle

Treatment

• Total hysterectomy involves removal of the uterus including the cervix
• Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes
• Radical cystectomy is the removal of the uterus, cervix, and some parts of the vagina. In some cases, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and regional lymph nodes are also removed.

22. Fallopian tube cancer

Fallopian tube cancer is a rare type of gynecological cancer that develops in the tubes that connect the uterus to the ovaries and are called fallopian tubes. A tumor can press on the adjacent nerve and cause pain and discomfort.

Symptoms

• Pain in the pelvis and the lower back
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Inter-menstrual bleeding
• Constipation
• Frequent urination
• Increased urgency to urinate
• Dyspareunia
• Mass in pelvis

Causes

In most cases, fallopian tube cancer is cancer that started somewhere else in the reproductive system of the body and metastasizes to reach the fallopian tubes.

Treatment

• Salpingo-oophorectomy, to remove just the diseased tube and its ovary, is done in females who wish to conceive in the future
• Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy involves the removal of both the fallopian tubes
• Chemotherapy drugs are used to target the cancer cells and kill them or hinder their growth.

23. Miscarriage

Spontaneous loss of pregnancy before the 20th week is called a miscarriage. This causes severe pain in the pelvis and vaginal bleeding along with other symptoms. Miscarriage can be induced by many factors like trauma, shock, and infections.

24. Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common complaint and can involve any part of the urinary system, causing severe pain and discomfort in the pelvis along with other urinary symptoms. Although urinary tract infections are prevalent in females males can get affected too. Urinary tract infections are common women but men can acquire them too.

Symptoms

• Pain in the pelvis in females
• Flank pain
• Rectal pain in males
• Feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen
• Increased frequency of urination
• Burning micturition
• Fever and chills
• Hypothermia with temperature below 36 degrees celsius
• Fatigue

Causes

UTI occurs when bacteria inhabiting the area around the rectum and vagina get into the urine. The infection can spread as the bacteria travel up to the ureters and enter the kidneys to infect them. The most common organism that causes UTI is E.coli.

Treatment

• Antibiotics to fight against the organisms
• Cranberry juice prevents E.coli growth
• For pain and discomfort nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

25. Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the painful inflammation of the appendix, characterized by a sharp pain that begins around the navel moving to the lower right side of the abdomen, over time. This condition is found in both men and women.

Symptoms

• Pain around the belly button
• Pain in the lower right side of the abdomen
• Rebound tenderness
• Nausea and vomiting

Causes

• Accumulation of hard stool
• Tumor
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Worm infestation

Treatment

• Antibiotic therapy is given to fight inflammation in the early stages
• The appendix is removed, a few weeks or months after the abscess has resolved.

26. Interstitial cystitis

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition that causes pain in the pelvis and urinary problems. Although it is present in both genders, it mostly affects females.

Symptoms

• Pain in the pelvis, lower abdomen, lower back, and urethra
• Increasing pressure with the filling of the bladder
• Urgency to urinate
• Burning micturition

Causes

Chronic inflammation of the lining of bladder and muscle layers may lead to this disorder, caused by:

• Recurrent bacterial infections
• Autoimmune disorders that affect bladder
• Increased pressure in the bladder
• Inflamed pelvic nerves
• Trauma to the spinal cord
• Toxic urine contents

Treatment

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief
• Anti-histamines means to reduce urgency and frequency of urine
• Pentosan polysulfate sodium is the only FDA approved drug for IC
• Hunner’s lesions are also burnt called fulguration
• Botulinum toxin injections are used to paralyze and to relieve the pain from bladder muscles
• Neurostimulation devices like TENS electrodes.

27. Hernia

A hernia is the abnormal bulging of organs from the weekend wall or structures. Strangulation of the hernial contents leads to bouts of severe pain. Hernia can occur in both men and women.

Symptoms

Severe pain and discomfort
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite

Causes

This occurs when the abdominal or pelvic muscle walls become weak and any sort of exertion or pressure causes bulging of organs.

Treatment

Hernial repair with mesh is done surgically.

28. Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a collection of intestinal symptoms characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and gas. This chronic gastrointestinal disorder tends to change its symptoms over time and affects both males and females.

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Gas and bloating
• Recurrent constipation and diarrhea
• Food intolerance
• Hard, lumpy, or mucus containing stool
• Rectal bleeding

Causes

• Bacterial overgrowth in the intestine
• Gastroenteritis
• Malfunction of the enteric system

Treatment

• Antispasmodics to relax gut muscles
• Laxatives for IBS-C
• Antimotility medications for IBS-D

29. Bladder stones

Bladder stones are made of minerals present in urine. They vary in size and shape, depending upon the type of mineral they are made up of. Most of these stones pass out without any intervention, while larger stones need to be broken down and then they pass out with urine. These stones cause pain in pelvic structures that come and goes but are debilitating in character.

Symptoms

• Pelvic pain
• Painful micturition
• Cloudy urine
• Blood in urine

Causes

There is no known cause of bladder stones but some studies suggest high levels of certain minerals and high absorption levels.

Treatment

Several methods are employed to break down the stones.

30. Sexually transmitted diseases

Diseases transferred from one person to another through sexual contact are referred to as sexually transmitted diseases. Some of these diseases can also be spread through blood, sharing needles, or breastfeeding. Some of the diseases cause severe symptoms such as pain, discomfort, and genital lesions.

Symptoms

• Dyspareunia
• Pain in pelvis
• Sores or bumps in genital areas
• Unusual bleeding or discharge

Causes

These diseases are spread via the transmission of body fluids that carry culprit organisms.

Treatment

Broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat the infection